Association between self-perception of the neighborhood environment and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults: findings from ELSI-Brazil.

This study aimed to investigate associations between neighborhood perception and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,719 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021). The outcomes were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up at dawn. The exposure variables were questions about the perception of participants about the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Garbage, rubbish, or tall grass on the streets and the desire to move were associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Concern about falling due to damaged sidewalks, concern about having difficulties taking transportation, and concern about having difficulties crossing the street were associated with higher odds of all sleep problems. Sound/noise of buses and cars was associated with higher odds of some sleep problems. Perceiving the neighborhood as a good place to live was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness and primary insomnia complaints. Trusting most people in the neighborhood and perceiving that kids and younger people treat adults with respect were associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, and waking up at dawn. Being a good place for kids to play and raise teenagers was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness. These results can assist public administrators in creating urban planning policies aimed at improving neighborhood environments as a means of health promotion.

Association between sleep problems and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are frequently observed in older adults. They can lead to changes in the individual's physical, occupational, cognitive, and social functioning, compromising the performance of activities of daily living and contributing to the occurrence of functional disability. This study evaluated the association between sleep problems and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with data from 10,507 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults participating in the 2013 National Health Survey. The exposure variable was self-reported sleep problems in the last two weeks. The outcome measure was functional disability assessed from self-reported questionnaires, categorized into basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and defined as not being able to perform or having little or a lot of difficulty in at least one of the activities investigated in the domain of interest. RESULTS: Older adults who reported sleep problems had 1.53 (95%CI: 1.34; 1.75) and 1.42 (95%CI: 1.26; 1.59) greater odds of having a disability in BADL and IADL when compared to individuals who reported having no sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with sleep problems were more likely to have a functional disability, both in BADL and IADL. Thus, it is important to implement strategies to screen for sleep problems in older adults in primary health care as a preventive strategy for functional disability.

Association Between Typologies of Sedentary Behavior and Muscle Strength, Gait Speed, and Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Knowledge of how the different types of sedentary behaviors (SB) are associated with functional limitations can guide professionals who work with older adults on better recommendations about the amount of daily time that should be encouraged in each type of SB. The objective was to estimate the associations between two SB typologies (SB television [TV] and SB computer/internet) and the presence of handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations in Brazilian community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study with 1,298 community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years). SB was assessed by self-reporting daily time spent watching TV or using computer/internet (categorized into <2, 3-4, and ≥5 hr/day). Outcomes were handgrip strength, lower limb strength, gait speed, and balance limitations considering referenced cutoff points. Older adults in SB TV ≥5 hr/day had 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.07, 2.86]) and 1.88 (95% CI [1.02, 3.46]) times more chances of handgrip strength and gait speed limitations, respectively. On the other hand, those who spent 3-4 and ≥5 hr/day in SB computer/internet had 0.45 (95% CI [0.20, 0.99]) and 0.37 (95% CI [0.15, 0.93]) had less chances of lower limb strength and balance limitations, respectively. In conclusion, functional limitations would be associated differently depending on the type of SB in the older adults sampled.

A nationwide study on sleep complaints and associated factors in older adults: ELSI-Brazil.

Sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, early awakening with failure to continue sleep, and altered sleep-wake cycle, are common in the general population. This cross-sectional study with 6,929 older adults (≥ 60 years) aimed to estimate the prevalence of different types of sleep problems, their associated factors, and the population-attributable fraction of associated factors among older adults. The outcome variables consisted of self-reported sleep problems: insomnia (initial, intermediate, late, and any type of insomnia), poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. The independent variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health conditions. The prevalence proportions were initial insomnia (49.1%), intermediate insomnia (49.2%), late insomnia (45.9%), any type of insomnia (58.6%), poor sleep quality (15.6%), and daytime sleepiness (38.4%). Female sex, presence of two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health were positively associated with the sleep problems investigated. Consuming alcohol once a month or more was inversely associated with initial insomnia. Population attributable fraction estimates ranged from 3% to 19% considering two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health. High prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was evinced in older adults. These results can be useful to guide public health services in the creation of informational, evaluative, and screening strategies for sleep problems in older Brazilian adults.

[Screen time, obesity and cardiovascular disease among elderly Brazilians: 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys]. / Tempo de televisão, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares em idosos brasileiros: Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019.

The scope of this paper was to analyze the association between the time spent watching television (TV) and the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) obesity and obesity associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among elderly Brazilians, according to gender, comparing data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys (NHS). It involved a cross-sectional study, with data from 23,815 and 43,554 elderly people, respectively, from the 2013 and 2019 NHS. Self-reported TV screen time was categorized into: <3, 3-6, and ≥6 per day. Obesity was assessed by body mass index ≥27 kg/m² and CVD by self-reported medical diagnosis. In 2013, elderly women who watched TV ≥6 hours/day were more likely to have OCD obesity (OR=1.87; 95%CI=1.32;2.64) and obesity associated with CVD (OR=6.30; 95%CI=3.38;11.74). In 2019, elderly women who watched TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.44; 95%CI=1.25;1.65) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=1.55; 95%CI=1.28;1.88) were more likely to have OCD obesity, while the incidence of obesity associated with CVD was higher for ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.48;3.06). In 2019, men were more likely to have obesity associated with CVD watching TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.76; 95%CI=1.20;2.56) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.27;3.57). The importance of reducing screen time by the elderly is clearly evident.

Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre tempo assistindo televisão (TV) e a presença de obesidade isolada e associada às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) de idosos brasileiros, conforme o sexo, comparando-se os dados das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019. Estudo transversal, com dados de 23.815 e 43.554 idosos das PNS 2013 e 2019, respectivamente. O autorrelato do tempo assistindo à TV foi categorizado em: <3, 3-6 e ≥6 horas diárias. A obesidade isolada foi avaliada pelo índice de massa corporal ≥27 kg/m² e a DCV pelo autorrelato de diagnóstico médico. Em 2013, as idosas que assistiam à TV ≥6 horas/dia apresentaram maiores chances de obesidade isolada (OR=1,87; IC95%=1,32;2,64) e associada à DCV (OR=6,30; IC95%=3,38;11,74). Em 2019, as idosas que assistiam à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,44; IC95%=1,25;1,65) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=1,55; IC95%=1,28;1,88) tiveram maiores chances de obesidade isolada, já as chances de obesidade associada à DCV, foram maiores para ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,48;3,06). Em 2019, os homens tiveram maiores chances de obesidade associada às DCV assistindo à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,76; IC95%=1,20;2,56) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,27;3,57). Evidencia-se a importância em diminuir o tempo assistindo à TV dos idosos.

Tempo de televisão, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares em idosos brasileiros: Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019 / Screen time, obesity and cardiovascular disease among elderly Brazilians: 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre tempo assistindo televisão (TV) e a presença de obesidade isolada e associada às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) de idosos brasileiros, conforme o sexo, comparando-se os dados das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde 2013 e 2019. Estudo transversal, com dados de 23.815 e 43.554 idosos das PNS 2013 e 2019, respectivamente. O autorrelato do tempo assistindo à TV foi categorizado em: <3, 3-6 e ≥6 horas diárias. A obesidade isolada foi avaliada pelo índice de massa corporal ≥27 kg/m² e a DCV pelo autorrelato de diagnóstico médico. Em 2013, as idosas que assistiam à TV ≥6 horas/dia apresentaram maiores chances de obesidade isolada (OR=1,87; IC95%=1,32;2,64) e associada à DCV (OR=6,30; IC95%=3,38;11,74). Em 2019, as idosas que assistiam à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,44; IC95%=1,25;1,65) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=1,55; IC95%=1,28;1,88) tiveram maiores chances de obesidade isolada, já as chances de obesidade associada à DCV, foram maiores para ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,48;3,06). Em 2019, os homens tiveram maiores chances de obesidade associada às DCV assistindo à TV entre 3-6 horas/dia (OR=1,76; IC95%=1,20;2,56) e ≥6 horas/dia (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,27;3,57). Evidencia-se a importância em diminuir o tempo assistindo à TV dos idosos.

Abstract The scope of this paper was to analyze the association between the time spent watching television (TV) and the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) obesity and obesity associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among elderly Brazilians, according to gender, comparing data from the 2013 and 2019 National Health Surveys (NHS). It involved a cross-sectional study, with data from 23,815 and 43,554 elderly people, respectively, from the 2013 and 2019 NHS. Self-reported TV screen time was categorized into: <3, 3-6, and ≥6 per day. Obesity was assessed by body mass index ≥27 kg/m² and CVD by self-reported medical diagnosis. In 2013, elderly women who watched TV ≥6 hours/day were more likely to have OCD obesity (OR=1.87; 95%CI=1.32;2.64) and obesity associated with CVD (OR=6.30; 95%CI=3.38;11.74). In 2019, elderly women who watched TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.44; 95%CI=1.25;1.65) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=1.55; 95%CI=1.28;1.88) were more likely to have OCD obesity, while the incidence of obesity associated with CVD was higher for ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.48;3.06). In 2019, men were more likely to have obesity associated with CVD watching TV between 3-6 hours/day (OR=1.76; 95%CI=1.20;2.56) and ≥6 hours/day (OR=2.13; 95%CI=1.27;3.57). The importance of reducing screen time by the elderly is clearly evident.

Self-perception of the neighborhood environment, cognitive impairment and functional limitations in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: It is important to identify the association between characteristics of the neighborhood environment, cognitive impairment and functional limitations to organize early and effective intervention strategies. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 308 community-dwelling older adults was conducted. Logistic Regression analyses were performed to verify the associations between self-perceived characteristics of the neighborhood environment (Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale), cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination) and functional limitations (mobility, lower limb muscle strength and balance). RESULTS: Significant negative associations were observed: (1) better infrastructure, traffic and safety and mobility limitation; (2) better infrastructure and muscle weakness; (3) better safety and balance limitation; and (4) better streets/sidewalks and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, positive associations were observed between poor safety with mobility limitation and muscle weakness. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute to greater knowledge about neighborhood characteristics regarding mental and physical health in community-dwelling older adults.

Association between sleep problems and multimorbidity patterns in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are frequent in older adults and are associated with chronic diseases. However, the association with multimorbidity patterns is still unknown. Considering the negative impacts that multimorbidity patterns can have on older adults' life, knowledge of this association can help in the screening and early identification of older adults with sleep problems. The objective was to verify the association between sleep problems and multimorbidity patterns in older Brazilian adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with data from 22,728 community-dwelling older adults from the 2019 National Health Survey. The exposure variable was self-reported sleep problems (yes/no). The study outcomes were: multimorbidity patterns, analyzed by self-report of the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases with similar clinical characteristics: (1) cardiopulmonary; (2) vascular-metabolic; (3) musculoskeletal; (4) coexisting patterns. RESULTS: Older adults with sleep problems had 1.34 (95%CI: 1.21; 1.48), 1.62 (95%CI: 1.15; 2.28), 1.64 (95%CI: 1.39; 1.93), and 1.88 (95%CI: 1.52; 2.33) greater odds of presenting vascular-metabolic, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal, and coexisting patterns, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that public health programs aimed at preventing sleep problems in older adults are essential to reduce possible adverse health outcomes, including multimorbidity patterns and their negative consequences for older adults' health.

A nationwide study on pain manifestations and sleep problems in community-dwelling older adults: findings from ELSI-Brazil.

PURPOSE: Sleep problems are common and affect approximately 36-70% of older adults worldwide and can be associated with negative outcomes such as pain. There is believed to be a bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and pain, modulated by inflammation and stress. The objective was to investigate the association between self-reported sleep problems and pain manifestations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using data from the second wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (2019-2021) was conducted. The exposure variables were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, insomnia (initial, intermediate, and final), and daytime sleepiness. The outcomes were self-reported pain manifestations: frequent pain, moderate/intense/strong pain, and pain-related disability. Logistic regressions were performed to verify the association between exposures and outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 6875 community-dwelling older adults participated in this study (71.1 ± 8.3 years; 54.4% female). Older adults with self-reported poor sleep quality, initial, intermediate and final insomnia, and daytime sleepiness had, respectively, 1.99 (95% CI 1.57-2.53), 1.47 (95% CI 1.11-1.97), 1.65 (95% CI 1.27-2.14), 1.69 (95% CI 1.29-2.22), and 1.76 (95% CI 1.35-2.29) greater odds of reporting frequent pain. The odds of moderate/intense/strong pain were higher in older adults that reported poor sleep quality (OR: 2.21; 95% CI 1.08-4.51). Older adults with self-reported poor sleep quality, initial, intermediate and final insomnia, and daytime sleepiness had, respectively, 1.84 (95% CI 1.11-3.02), 1.73 (95% CI 1.14-2.62), 1.80 (95% CI 1.19-2.73), 1.58 (95% CI 1.07-2.34), and 1.63 (95% CI 1.11-2.39) greater odds of reporting pain-related disability. CONCLUSION: Self-reported sleep problems are associated with pain manifestations in older adults. The results may help in the proposition of programs and public health policies.

How much time of sedentary behavior is associated with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults in southern Brazil?

AIMS: Identify sedentary behavior (SB) cut-off points to screen for depressive symptoms in older adults and verify the association between these conditions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 308 community-dwelling older adults was conducted. The outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms (≥6 points on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15). The exposure was SB using the self-reported time on a weekday and weekend (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). The cut-off points for SB categorization were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariate logistic regression to verify the association. RESULTS: Older adults who spent ≥4.5 hours/day in SB (sensitivity = 48.8%; specificity = 67.8%) were 1.81 times more likely (95%CI: 1.03;3.15) to have depressive symptoms compared to those who stayed for shorter periods. CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between SB and depressive symptoms; therefore, older adults must have SB <4.5 hours/day to reduce the chances of developing depressive symptoms.

Perceived Characteristics of the Built Neighborhood Environment and Negative Self-Rated Health in Brazilian Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

INTRODUCTION: Research indicates that self-rated health is associated with worse health outcomes in older adults. Thus, it is important to assess the association between built neighborhoods and self-rated health to establish strategies to improve the quality of life in the older adult population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the perceived characteristics of the built neighborhood and the negative self-rated health in Brazilian community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study for finite random samples was performed with older adults who used the municipal public health service. The outcome was negative self-rated health using the question "How do you perceive your health?" The regular, bad, and very bad responses were grouped as negative self-perception. The exposure variables were the perceived characteristics of the built neighborhood, which was evaluated by the adapted version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. RESULTS: A total of 308 older adults were analyzed. Living close to food establishments (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.25;0.85), fitness/bodybuilding gyms and/or clubs (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28;0.93), and safety to walk during the day (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16;0.87) and night (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.26;0.84) were protective against negative self-rated health. CONCLUSION: Therefore, living in neighborhoods with better characteristics was less associated with negative self-rated health, demonstrating the importance of promoting strategies to improve the neighborhood infrastructure and this population's perception of health.

A nationwide study on sleep complaints and associated factors in older adults: ELSI-Brazil / Estudo nacional sobre queixas de sono e fatores associados em idosos: ELSI-Brasil / Estudio nacional sobre quejas de sueño y factores asociados en adultos mayores: ELSI-Brasil

Abstract: Sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, early awakening with failure to continue sleep, and altered sleep-wake cycle, are common in the general population. This cross-sectional study with 6,929 older adults (≥ 60 years) aimed to estimate the prevalence of different types of sleep problems, their associated factors, and the population-attributable fraction of associated factors among older adults. The outcome variables consisted of self-reported sleep problems: insomnia (initial, intermediate, late, and any type of insomnia), poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. The independent variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health conditions. The prevalence proportions were initial insomnia (49.1%), intermediate insomnia (49.2%), late insomnia (45.9%), any type of insomnia (58.6%), poor sleep quality (15.6%), and daytime sleepiness (38.4%). Female sex, presence of two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health were positively associated with the sleep problems investigated. Consuming alcohol once a month or more was inversely associated with initial insomnia. Population attributable fraction estimates ranged from 3% to 19% considering two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health. High prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was evinced in older adults. These results can be useful to guide public health services in the creation of informational, evaluative, and screening strategies for sleep problems in older Brazilian adults.

Resumo: Problemas de sono, como dificuldade para adormecer, permanecer dormindo, despertar precoce com falha na continuidade do sono e alteração do ciclo vigília-sono, são comuns na população em geral. Este estudo transversal com 6.929 idosos (≥ 60 anos) buscou estimar a prevalência de diferentes tipos de problemas de sono, seus fatores associados e a fração atribuível populacional de fatores associados a problemas de sono nessa população. As variáveis de desfecho foram problemas de sono autorreferidos: insônia (inicial, intermediária, tardia e qualquer tipo de insônia), má qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna. As variáveis independentes incluíram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e condições de saúde. As proporções de prevalência foram: insônia inicial (49,1%), insônia intermediária (49,2%), insônia tardia (45,9%), qualquer tipo de insônia (58,6%), má qualidade do sono (15,6%) e sonolência diurna (38,4%). Sexo feminino, presença de duas ou mais doenças crônicas, não consumir a quantidade recomendada de frutas e hortaliças e autoavaliação da saúde como regular e ruim/muito ruim mostraram associação positiva aos problemas de sono investigados. Consumo de álcool uma vez por mês ou mais associou-se inversamente à insônia inicial. As estimativas da fração atribuível populacional variaram de 3% a 19% considerando duas ou mais doenças crônicas, consumo insuficiente de frutas e vegetais e saúde autorrelatada regular/ruim/muito ruim. Evidenciou-se alta prevalência de problemas de sono autorreferidos em idosos. Esses resultados podem orientar os serviços públicos de saúde na criação de estratégias informativas, avaliativas e de rastreamento de problemas de sono em idosos brasileiros.

Resumen: Problemas del sueño, como la dificultad para conciliar el sueño, permanecer dormido, despertarse temprano sin poder seguir durmiendo y cambios en el ciclo de sueño y vigilia, son comunes en la población en general. Este estudio transversal con 6.929 personas mayores (≥ 60 años) buscó estimar la prevalencia de diferentes tipos de problemas de sueño, sus factores asociados y la fracción atribuible a la población de factores asociados con problemas de sueño en esta población. Las variables de desenlace fueron problemas de sueño autoinformados: insomnio (inicial, intermedio, tardío y cualquier tipo de insomnio), mala calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna. Las variables independientes incluyeron características sociodemográficos y conductuales y condiciones de salud. Estas fueron las proporciones de prevalencia: insomnio inicial (49,1%), insomnio intermedio (49,2%), insomnio tardío (45,9%), cualquier tipo de insomnio (58,6%), mala calidad del sueño (15,6%) y somnolencia diurna (38,4%). El sexo femenino, la presencia de dos o más enfermedades crónicas, no consumir la cantidad recomendada de frutas y hortalizas y la autoevaluación de la salud como regular y mala/muy mala mostraron una asociación positiva con los problemas de sueño investigados. El consumo de alcohol una vez al mes o más se asoció inversamente con el insomnio inicial. Las estimaciones de la fracción atribuible de la población oscilaron entre el 3% y el 19% considerando dos o más enfermedades crónicas, un consumo insuficiente de frutas y verduras y una salud autoinformada regular/mala/muy mala. Se evidenció una alta prevalencia de problemas de sueño autoinformados en las personas mayores. Estos resultados pueden orientar los servicios públicos de salud en la creación de estrategias informativas, evaluativas y de seguimiento de los problemas de sueño en las personas mayores brasileñas.

Perceived characteristics of the neighborhood and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-section study / Características percibidas del entorno de vivienda y síntomas depresivos en ancianos residentes en comunidad: un estudio transversal / Características percebidas do ambiente de moradia e sintomas depressivos em idosos comunitários: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in older adults highlights the importance of investigating risk factors that may contribute to this condition, especially those that are subject to effective interventions, such as the neighborhood environment. However, the association between perceived characteristics of the environment and presence of depressive symptoms in Brazilian older adults, as well as in those who attend Primary Health Care (PHC) units is not yet fully established. This study aimed to verify the association between the perception of the neighborhood and presence of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional, household-based study with a probabilistic sample. A total of 293 community-dwelling older adults (57.3% women; 54.7% aged 60-69 years) and registered in the municipal Primary Health Care System of Balneário Arroio do Silva/SC were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the perception of the environment was obtained using the adapted instrument Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS). Associations were tested by multivariate logistic regression. Significant negative associations were observed between the presence of food establishments (OR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.28-0.98), health clinics and community centers (OR: 0.52; 95%CI: 0.28-0.96), outdoor gyms (OR: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20-0.72), fitness centers and/or clubs (OR: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.19-0.89), well-maintained sidewalks (OR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.19-0.71), pedestrian signals (OR: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.18-0.84), and neighborhood safety for walking during the day (OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.16-0.76) and night (OR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.19-0.83) and the presence of depressive symptoms. It was concluded that there is inverse associations between better perceived characteristics of the environment and the presence of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults, demonstrating the importance of promoting strategies to improve the neighborhood infrastructure and prevent depressive symptoms in this population.

RESUMEN La alta prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en los ancianos apunta la necesidad de investigar los factores de riesgo que pueden contribuir a esta condición y, sobre todo, que son objeto de intervenciones eficaces, como el entorno de vivienda. Sin embargo, todavía no está completamente establecida la asociación entre las características de los entornos de vivienda y la presencia de síntomas depresivos en ancianos brasileños, especialmente en aquellos que frecuentan unidades de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la asociación entre la percepción del entorno de vivienda y la presencia de síntomas depresivos en ancianos residentes en la comunidad. Este es un estudio transversal, de carácter domiciliar y muestra probabilística. Se incluyeron a 293 ancianos (57,3% mujeres; 54,7% de edades entre 60 y 69 años) de edad ≥60 años, de la comunidad y registrados en la Atención Primaria municipal de Balneário Arroio do Silva (en Santa Catarina, Brasil). Los síntomas depresivos se evaluaron mediante la escala de depresión geriátrica, y la percepción del entorno se obtuvo mediante el instrumento adaptado neighborhood environment walkability scale. Para probar las asociaciones se utilizó la regresión logística multivariada. Se observaron asociaciones negativas significativas entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos y la presencia de establecimientos de comida (OR: 0,52; IC95%: 0,28-0,98), centros de salud y centros comunitarios (OR: 0,52; IC95%: 0,28-0,96), gimnasios al aire libre (OR: 0,38; IC95%: 0,20-0,72), gimnasios y/o clubes (OR: 0,42; IC95%: 0,19-0,89), mejor calidad de aceras (OR: 0,37; IC95%: 0,19-0,71), presencia de señalización peatonal (OR: 0,39; IC95%: 0,18-0,84) y caminar seguro de día (OR: 0,35; IC 95%: 0,16-0,76) y de noche (OR: 0,40; IC95%: 0,19-0,83). Se concluyó que hubo asociaciones inversas entre mejor percepción de las características del entorno y la presencia de síntomas depresivos en ancianos residentes en la comunidad, lo que muestra la importancia de promover estrategias para mejorar la infraestructura del barrio y la presencia de síntomas depresivos en esta población.

RESUMO A elevada prevalência de sintomas depressivos em idosos denota a importância de se investigar os fatores de risco que podem contribuir para esse agravo e, principalmente, que são passíveis de intervenções eficazes, como o ambiente de moradia. No entanto, ainda não está totalmente estabelecida a associação entre as características dos ambientes de moradia e a presença de sintomas depressivos em idosos brasileiros, em especial naqueles que frequentam unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre a percepção do ambiente de moradia e a presença de sintomas depressivos em idosos comunitários. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, de base domiciliar e amostra probabilística. Foram incluídos 293 idosos (57,3% mulheres; 54,7% com idades entre 60 e 69 anos) com idade ≥60 anos, comunitários e cadastrados na Atenção Básica municipal de Balneário Arroio do Silva (SC). Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados por meio da escala de depressão geriátrica e a percepção do ambiente foi obtida por meio do instrumento adaptado neighborhood environment walkability scale. As associações foram testadas pela regressão logística multivariada. Observaram-se associações negativas significativas entre a presença de sintomas depressivos e a presença de estabelecimentos alimentícios (OR: 0,52; IC95%: 0,28-0,98), postos de saúde e centros comunitários (OR: 0,52; IC95%: 0,28-0,96), academias ao ar livre (OR: 0,38; IC95%: 0,20-0,72), academias de ginástica e/ou clubes (OR: 0,42; IC95%: 0,19-0,89), melhor qualidade das calçadas (OR: 0,37; IC95%: 0,19-0,71), presença de sinalização para pedestres (OR: 0,39; IC95%: 0,18-0,84) e segurança para caminhada durante o dia (OR: 0,35; IC95%: 0,16-0,76) e à noite (OR: 0,40; IC95%: 0,19-0,83). Concluiu-se que houve associações inversas entre melhores características percebidas do ambiente e a presença de sintomas depressivos em idosos que residem na comunidade, demonstrando a importância de promover estratégias para melhorar a infraestrutura do bairro e a presença de sintomas depressivos nessa população.

Comportamento sedentário e sua associação com incapacidade funcional em idosos / Sedentary behavior and its association with functional disability in the older adults

Atividades sedentárias são frequentes em idosos, tornando importante avançar o conhecimento sobre o comportamento sedentário (CS) e sua relação com a capacidade funcional da população idosa, a fim de contribuir para implementação de intervenções de promoção à saúde. Objetivo: Identificar pontos de corte do CS para rastreio de incapacidade funcional e verificar sua associação com a presença de incapacidade nas atividades básicas (ABVDs) e instrumentais (AIVDs) da vida diária em idosos comunitários. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, domiciliar, realizado com 308 idosos comunitários. As incapacidades nas ABVDs e AIVDs foram avaliadas pelo Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Idosos com relato de "pouca/muita dificuldade" ou "incapacidade total" para realizar ao menos uma tarefa em cada domínio foram classificados com incapacidade. O tempo despendido em CS foi avaliado pela média ponderada do tempo sentado em um dia da semana e um dia de final de semana, avaliado pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Os pontos de corte do CS para rastrear a incapacidade foram obtidos pela análise da curva ROC. Resultados: Os idosos que permaneceram tempo ≥ 4,4h/dia em CS tiveram 1,92 (IC 95%: 1,03; 3,57) vezes maiores chances de incapacidade nas AIVDs e aqueles que ficavam ≥ 4,3h/dia em CS tiveram 2,36 (IC 95%: 1,37;4,05) vezes maiores chances de incapacidade nas ABVDs, comparados aos que ficavam tempo inferior em CS. Conclusão: Estes dados sugerem que os idosos residentes na comunidade limitem o tempo em CS, evitando tempo superior a 4,3 horas diárias, a fim de prevenir a ocorrência de incapacidades funcionais.

Sedentary activities are frequent in the elderly, making it important to advance knowledge about sedentary behavior (SB) and its relationship with the functional capacity of the elderly population, in order to contribute to the implementation of health promotion interventions. Objective: Identify SB cutoff points for screening for functional disability and to verify its association with the presence of disability in basic activities (BADLs) and instrumental activities (IADLs) of daily living in community-dwelling elderly. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, household study carried out with 308 community- dwelling older adults. Disabilities in BADLs and IADLs were assessed using the Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Elderly people with reports of "little/very difficult" or "complete inability" to perform at least one task in each domain were classified as having incapacity. Time spent in SB was assessed by the weighted average of time sitting on a weekday and a weekend day, assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. SB cutoff points to track disability were obtained by ROC curve analysis. Results: Elderly people who spent ≥ 4.4h/day in SB had 1.92 (95% CI: 1.03; 3.57) times greater chances of incapacity in IADLs, and those who stayed ≥ 4.3h/day in CS had 2 .36 (95% CI: 1.37;4.05) times greater chances of disability in BADLs, compared to those who spent less time in SB. Conclusion: These data suggest that community- dwelling elderly people limit their time in SB, avoiding times longer than 4.3 hours a day, in order to prevent the occurrence of functional disabilities.

[Sedentary behavior and association with multimorbidity and patterns of multimorbidity in elderly Brazilians: data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019]. / Comportamento sedentário e associação com multimorbidade e padrões de multimorbidade em idosos brasileiros: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019.

Sedentary behavior emerges as an important determinant of health in elderly persons, but its relationship to multimorbidity and its patterns in the Brazilian population have received little attention in epidemiological studies. Such associations can assist the elaboration of public policies aimed at modification of this behavior. This study thus aimed to assess the association between sedentary behavior and multimorbidity and its patterns in elderly Brazilians. This was a cross-sectional study of 43,554 elderly Brazilians in the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019. Self-reported SB was categorized as < 3; 3-6; and > 6 hours a day. The presence of multimorbidity and its patterns were analyzed by self-report of two or more chronic diseases, where the three established patterns considered the diseases with similar clinical characteristics: (1) cardiopulmonary; (2) vascular-metabolic; and (3) mental-musculoskeletal. The associations were measured by binary logistic regression. Elderly persons that spent 3-6 hours/day in sedentary behavior had lower odds (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.29; 1.50) of presenting multimorbidity, vascular-metabolic pattern (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.29; 1.50), and mental-musculoskeletal pattern (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.00; 1.24). Sedentary behavior > 6 hours/day was associated with higher odds of multimorbidity (OR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.43; 1.74) and the cardiopulmonary (OR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.33; 2.27), vascular-metabolic (OR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.35; 1.64), and mental-musculoskeletal (OR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.31) patterns when compared to elders with 3 hours/day of sedentary behavior. This showed that extensive time in sedentary behavior is a relevant risk factor for multimorbidity and its patterns in the elderly.

O comportamento sedentário emerge como um importante determinante da saúde da pessoa idosa, no entanto, sua relação com a multimorbidade e seus padrões de acometimento em estudos epidemiológicos têm sido pouco explorados na população brasileira. Tais associações poderão auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas visando à modificação desse comportamento. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre comportamento sedentário com multimorbidade e seus padrões em idosos brasileiros. Estudo transversal, com 43.554 idosos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. O comportamento sedentário autorreferido foi categorizado em < 3; 3-6; e > 6 horas por dia. A presença de multimorbidade e seus padrões foram analisados pelo autorrelato da coexistência de duas ou mais doenças crônicas, sendo que os três padrões estabelecidos consideraram as doenças com características clínicas similares: (1) cardiopulmonar; (2) vascular-metabólico; e (3) mental-musculoesquelético. As associações foram realizadas pela regressão logística binária. Os idosos que despendiam 3-6 horas/dia em comportamento sedentário tiveram maiores chances (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) de apresentar multimorbidade, padrão vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) e mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,00; 1,24). Quando o comportamento sedentário foi > 6 horas/dia, houve maiores chances de multimorbidade (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,43; 1,74) e dos padrões cardiopulmonar (OR = 1,73; IC95%: 1,33; 2,27), vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,49; IC95%: 1,35; 1,64) e mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,01; 1,31), quando comparados àqueles que ficavam até 3 horas/dia. Dessa forma, evidenciou-se que tempos elevados em comportamento sedentário são fatores de risco relevantes para a ocorrência de multimorbidade e seus padrões em idosos.

El comportamiento sedentario emerge como un importante determinante de salud en personas ancianas, no obstante, su relación con la multimorbilidad y los patrones de enfrentamiento a la misma en estudios epidemiológicos se han investigado poco en la población brasileña. Tales asociaciones podrán apoyar en la elaboración de políticas públicas, con vistas a la modificación de ese comportamiento. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre comportamiento sedentario con multimorbilidad y sus patrones en ancianos brasileños. Es un estudio transversal, con 43.554 ancianos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 2019. El comportamiento sedentario autoinformado se categorizó en < 3; 3-6; y > 6 horas por día. La presencia de multimorbilidad y sus patrones se analizaron mediante el autoinforme de la coexistencia de dos o más enfermedades crónicas, siendo que los tres patrones establecidos consideraron las enfermedades con características clínicas similares: (1) cardiopulmonar; (2) vascular-metabólica y (3) mental-musculoesquelética. Las asociaciones fueron realizadas mediante regresión logística binaria. Los ancianos que pasaban 3-6h/día en comportamiento sedentario tuvieron mayores oportunidades (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) de presentar multimorbilidad, patrón vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) y mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,00; 1,24). Cuando el comportamiento sedentario fue > 6 horas/día hubo mayores oportunidades de multimorbilidad (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,43; 1,74), y de los patrones cardiopulmonar (OR = 1,73; IC95%: 1,33; 2,27), vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,49; IC95%: 1,35; 1,64) y mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,01; 1,31), cuando se compara con aquellos que estaban hasta 3 horas/día. De esa forma, se evidenció que tiempos elevados en comportamiento sedentario se mostraron factores de riesgo relevantes para la ocurrencia de multimorbilidad y sus patrones en ancianos.

Incapacidade, desempenho físico-funcional e ambiente de vizinhança: avaliação de idosos comunitários com base na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde / Discapacidad, desempeño físico-funcional y ambiente del barrio: evaluación de ancianos residentes en comunidad a partir de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud / Disability, physical-functional performance, and neighborhood environment: evaluation of community-dwelling older adults based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

RESUMO A Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) ainda é uma ferramenta distante e muitas vezes temida na área da saúde do idoso. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a incapacidade nas atividades da vida diária (AVDs), as limitações no desempenho físico-funcional e a percepção do ambiente de vizinhança em idosos comunitários do extremo sul de Santa Catarina, classificando-os segundo os domínios e qualificadores propostos pela CIF. Tratou-se de estudo transversal realizado com idosos de ambos os sexos. As variáveis analisadas foram categorizadas de acordo com os domínios da CIF: (1) funções e estruturas do corpo: testes de desempenho físico-funcional; (2) atividade e participação: instrumento de autoavaliação das AVDs; e (3) fatores ambientais: autopercepção do ambiente de vizinhança. Foram avaliados 308 idosos, sendo a maioria mulheres (57,8%) e com idade entre 60 e 69 anos (54,7%). Considerando os qualificadores da CIF, verificou-se maior dificuldade moderada/grave para o teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira de 5 repetições (TSLC5R) (66,2%) no domínio "função e estrutura do corpo", enquanto para o domínio "atividade e participação" observou-se a prevalência de incapacidade moderada/grave para a tarefa de cortar as unhas dos pés (21,2%). No domínio "fatores ambientais", verificou-se o predomínio de ausência de locais para a prática de atividade física no ambiente de vizinhança (72,5%).

RESUMEN La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) es todavía una herramienta lejana y, muchas veces, temida en el área de la salud del adulto mayor. Ante esto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir la discapacidad en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD), las limitaciones en el desempeño físico-funcional y la percepción del barrio en ancianos que viven en comunidad en el extremo sur de Santa Catarina (Brasil) al clasificarlos según los dominios y calificadores propuestos por la CIF. Se trata de un estudio transversal, en el que participaron ancianos de ambos sexos. Las variables fueron categorizadas según los dominios de la CIF: (1) funciones y estructuras corporales: pruebas de desempeño físico-funcional; (2) actividad y participación: instrumento de autoevaluación de AVD; y (3) factores ambientales: autopercepción del entorno del barrio. Del total de 308 ancianos participantes, la mayoría eran mujeres (57,8%), con edades entre 60 y 69 años (54,7%). Considerando los calificadores de la CIF, hubo una mayor dificultad moderada/severa para el test de sentarse y levantarse de una silla durante 5 repeticiones (TSLS5R) (66,2%) en el dominio "función y estructura corporal", mientras que para el dominio "actividad y participación" predominó la prevalencia de discapacidad moderada/grave para la tarea de cortar las uñas de los pies (21,2%). En el dominio "factores ambientales", hubo predominio de la ausencia de locales para practicar actividad física en el entorno del barrio (72,5%).

ABSTRACT The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) is still a distant and often feared tool in the area of older adults health. This study aimed to describe the inabilities to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), limitations in the physical-functional performance, and the perception of the surrounding environment in community-dwelling older adults from the extreme South of Santa Catarina, classifying them according to the domains and qualifiers proposed by the ICF. This is a cross-sectional study, with older adults of both sexes. The analyzed variables were classified and categorized according to the ICF: (1) Body Functions and Structures: physical-functional performance tests; (2) Activity and Participation: ADL self-assessment instrument; and (3) Environmental factors: self-perception of the surrounding environment. A total of 308 older adults were evaluated, most of them were women (57.8%) and aged 60-69 years (54.7%). There were higher prevalence of moderate/severe difficulty in the 5-times sit-to-stand test (5TSTS) (66.2%), of moderate/severe disability in the activity of cutting toenails (21.2%), and no reports of places for the practice of physical activity near the residence (72.5%). As for the ICF qualifiers, there was greater "moderate/severe difficulty" for the 5TSTS in the "Body Function and Structure" categories and in the task of cutting toenails in the "Activity and Participation" categories. In the category "Environmental factors," there was a higher prevalence of lack of places for physical activity in the neighborhood.

[Are different typologies of sedentary behavior associated with history of sleep problems in community-dwelling elderly?] / As diferentes tipologias do comportamento sedentário estão associadas ao histórico de problemas no sono em idosos comunitários?

Alterations in sleep are common in older persons, and some risk factors may aggravate this condition. Understanding the association between sedentary behavior and history of sleep problems can assist the elaboration of intervention programs. The study aimed to verify the association between typologies of sedentary behavior and history of sleep problems in community-dwelling older Brazilians. A cross-sectional study was performed with data from 43,554 older persons participating in the Brazilian National Health Survey (2019). Typologies of sedentary behavior were assessed by: (1) time watching television; (2) leisure-time inactivity; and (3) total inactivity (TV + leisure-time inactivity). Sedentary behavior was categorized as < 3, 3-6, and > 6 hours/day. The outcome was history of sleep problems (difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently at night, or sleeping more than usual) assessed by self-report in the last 15 days. Associations were verified with multivariate logistic regression. Older persons that spent more 6 hours/day watching TV had 13% higher odds (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02; 1.26) of reporting sleep problems. For total sedentary behavior, older persons that were inactive 3-6 hours and more than 6 hours/day showed 13% (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.04; 1.22) and 11% (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.23) higher odds of sleep problems, respectively. Older persons in the sample that reported more than 6 hours a day watching TV and > 3 hours in total sedentary behavior had higher odds of sleep problems. The findings call attention to the need to reduce sedentary behavior in the elderly.

Alterações no sono são comuns em idosos e alguns fatores de risco podem agravar essa condição. Entender a associação do comportamento sedentário com o histórico de problemas de sono poderá auxiliar na elaboração de programas de intervenção. Verificar a associação entre tipologias do comportamento sedentário e histórico de problemas no sono em idosos comunitários brasileiros. Estudo transversal, com dados de 43.554 idosos participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), de 2019. As tipologias do comportamento sedentário foram avaliadas por: (1) tempo assistindo televisão; (2) atividades de lazer; e (3) tempo despendido total (televisão + lazer). O comportamento sedentário foi categorizado em < 3; 3-6 e > 6 horas/dia. O desfecho foi histórico de problemas de sono (dificuldade para adormecer, acordar frequentemente à noite ou dormir mais do que de costume) avaliados por meio do autorrelato nos últimos 15 dias. As associações foram verificadas pela regressão logística multivariável. Idosos que permaneceram tempo > 6 horas/dia em comportamento sedentário assistindo televisão tiveram 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,02; 1,26) maiores probabilidades de relatarem problemas de sono. Referente ao comportamento sedentário total, idosos que permaneceram entre 3-6 horas e mais do que 6 horas/dia apresentaram 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,04; 1,22) e 11% (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,01; 1,23) maiores probabilidades de problemas de sono, respectivamente. Os idosos amostrados que relataram permanecer por períodos superiores a 6 horas por dia em comportamento sedentário assistindo à televisão e > 3 horas em comportamento sedentário total tiveram maiores chances de terem problemas no sono. Estes achados podem contribuir nas orientações sobre a necessidade de redução no comportamento sedentário em idosos.

Las alteraciones en el sueño son comunes en ancianos y algunos factores de riesgo pueden agravar esa condición. Entender la asociación del comportamiento sedentario con el historial de problemas de sueño podrá ayudar en la elaboración de programas de intervención. El objetivo fue verificar la asociación entre tipologías del comportamiento sedentario y el historial de problemas en el sueño en ancianos de comunidades con pocos recursos brasileños. Estudio transversal, con datos de 43.554 ancianos participantes en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (2019). Las tipologías del comportamiento sedentario se evaluaron por el: (1) Tiempo viendo televisión; (2) Actividades de ocio y (3) Tiempo invertido en total (televisión + ocio). El comportamiento sedentario se categorizó en < 3; 3-6 y > 6 horas/día. El resultado fue el historial de problemas de sueño (dificultad para dormirse, despertarse frecuentemente por la noche o dormir más que de costumbre), evaluados a través del autoinforme en los últimos 15 días. Las asociaciones se verificaron a través de una regresión logística multivariable. Los ancianos que permanecieron tiempo > 6 horas/día en comportamiento sedentario viendo televisión tuvieron un 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,02; 1,26) de mayores probabilidades de que informaran problemas de sueño. En lo referente al comportamiento sedentario total, los ancianos que permanecieron entre 3-6 horas y más de 6 horas/día presentaron un 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,04; 1,22) y un 11% (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,01; 1,23) mayores probabilidades de problemas de sueño, respectivamente. Los ancianos de la muestra que informaron permanecer por períodos superiores a 6 horas al día en comportamiento sedentario viendo televisión y > 3 horas en comportamiento sedentario total tuvieron mayores probabilidades de tener problemas de sueño. Estos resultados pueden contribuir al fortalecimiento en la necesidad de reducción en el comportamiento sedentario en ancianos.

Comportamento sedentário e associação com multimorbidade e padrões de multimorbidade em idosos brasileiros: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019 / Sedentary behavior and association with multimorbidity and patterns of multimorbidity in elderly Brazilians: data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019 / Comportamiento sedentario y su asociación con la multimorbilidad y patrones de multimorbilidad en ancianos brasileños: datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 2019

Resumo: O comportamento sedentário emerge como um importante determinante da saúde da pessoa idosa, no entanto, sua relação com a multimorbidade e seus padrões de acometimento em estudos epidemiológicos têm sido pouco explorados na população brasileira. Tais associações poderão auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas visando à modificação desse comportamento. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre comportamento sedentário com multimorbidade e seus padrões em idosos brasileiros. Estudo transversal, com 43.554 idosos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. O comportamento sedentário autorreferido foi categorizado em < 3; 3-6; e > 6 horas por dia. A presença de multimorbidade e seus padrões foram analisados pelo autorrelato da coexistência de duas ou mais doenças crônicas, sendo que os três padrões estabelecidos consideraram as doenças com características clínicas similares: (1) cardiopulmonar; (2) vascular-metabólico; e (3) mental-musculoesquelético. As associações foram realizadas pela regressão logística binária. Os idosos que despendiam 3-6 horas/dia em comportamento sedentário tiveram maiores chances (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) de apresentar multimorbidade, padrão vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) e mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,00; 1,24). Quando o comportamento sedentário foi > 6 horas/dia, houve maiores chances de multimorbidade (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,43; 1,74) e dos padrões cardiopulmonar (OR = 1,73; IC95%: 1,33; 2,27), vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,49; IC95%: 1,35; 1,64) e mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,01; 1,31), quando comparados àqueles que ficavam até 3 horas/dia. Dessa forma, evidenciou-se que tempos elevados em comportamento sedentário são fatores de risco relevantes para a ocorrência de multimorbidade e seus padrões em idosos.

Abstract: Sedentary behavior emerges as an important determinant of health in elderly persons, but its relationship to multimorbidity and its patterns in the Brazilian population have received little attention in epidemiological studies. Such associations can assist the elaboration of public policies aimed at modification of this behavior. This study thus aimed to assess the association between sedentary behavior and multimorbidity and its patterns in elderly Brazilians. This was a cross-sectional study of 43,554 elderly Brazilians in the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019. Self-reported SB was categorized as < 3; 3-6; and > 6 hours a day. The presence of multimorbidity and its patterns were analyzed by self-report of two or more chronic diseases, where the three established patterns considered the diseases with similar clinical characteristics: (1) cardiopulmonary; (2) vascular-metabolic; and (3) mental-musculoskeletal. The associations were measured by binary logistic regression. Elderly persons that spent 3-6 hours/day in sedentary behavior had lower odds (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.29; 1.50) of presenting multimorbidity, vascular-metabolic pattern (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.29; 1.50), and mental-musculoskeletal pattern (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.00; 1.24). Sedentary behavior > 6 hours/day was associated with higher odds of multimorbidity (OR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.43; 1.74) and the cardiopulmonary (OR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.33; 2.27), vascular-metabolic (OR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.35; 1.64), and mental-musculoskeletal (OR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.31) patterns when compared to elders with 3 hours/day of sedentary behavior. This showed that extensive time in sedentary behavior is a relevant risk factor for multimorbidity and its patterns in the elderly.

Resumen: El comportamiento sedentario emerge como un importante determinante de salud en personas ancianas, no obstante, su relación con la multimorbilidad y los patrones de enfrentamiento a la misma en estudios epidemiológicos se han investigado poco en la población brasileña. Tales asociaciones podrán apoyar en la elaboración de políticas públicas, con vistas a la modificación de ese comportamiento. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre comportamiento sedentario con multimorbilidad y sus patrones en ancianos brasileños. Es un estudio transversal, con 43.554 ancianos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de 2019. El comportamiento sedentario autoinformado se categorizó en < 3; 3-6; y > 6 horas por día. La presencia de multimorbilidad y sus patrones se analizaron mediante el autoinforme de la coexistencia de dos o más enfermedades crónicas, siendo que los tres patrones establecidos consideraron las enfermedades con características clínicas similares: (1) cardiopulmonar; (2) vascular-metabólica y (3) mental-musculoesquelética. Las asociaciones fueron realizadas mediante regresión logística binaria. Los ancianos que pasaban 3-6h/día en comportamiento sedentario tuvieron mayores oportunidades (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) de presentar multimorbilidad, patrón vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,29; 1,50) y mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,00; 1,24). Cuando el comportamiento sedentario fue > 6 horas/día hubo mayores oportunidades de multimorbilidad (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,43; 1,74), y de los patrones cardiopulmonar (OR = 1,73; IC95%: 1,33; 2,27), vascular-metabólico (OR = 1,49; IC95%: 1,35; 1,64) y mental-musculoesquelético (OR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,01; 1,31), cuando se compara con aquellos que estaban hasta 3 horas/día. De esa forma, se evidenció que tiempos elevados en comportamiento sedentario se mostraron factores de riesgo relevantes para la ocurrencia de multimorbilidad y sus patrones en ancianos.

As diferentes tipologias do comportamento sedentário estão associadas ao histórico de problemas no sono em idosos comunitários? / Are different typologies of sedentary behavior associated with history of sleep problems in community-dwelling elderly? / ¿Las diferentes tipologías del comportamiento sedentario están asociadas al historial de problemas de sueño en ancianos de comunidades con pocos recursos?

Alterações no sono são comuns em idosos e alguns fatores de risco podem agravar essa condição. Entender a associação do comportamento sedentário com o histórico de problemas de sono poderá auxiliar na elaboração de programas de intervenção. Verificar a associação entre tipologias do comportamento sedentário e histórico de problemas no sono em idosos comunitários brasileiros. Estudo transversal, com dados de 43.554 idosos participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), de 2019. As tipologias do comportamento sedentário foram avaliadas por: (1) tempo assistindo televisão; (2) atividades de lazer; e (3) tempo despendido total (televisão + lazer). O comportamento sedentário foi categorizado em < 3; 3-6 e > 6 horas/dia. O desfecho foi histórico de problemas de sono (dificuldade para adormecer, acordar frequentemente à noite ou dormir mais do que de costume) avaliados por meio do autorrelato nos últimos 15 dias. As associações foram verificadas pela regressão logística multivariável. Idosos que permaneceram tempo > 6 horas/dia em comportamento sedentário assistindo televisão tiveram 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,02; 1,26) maiores probabilidades de relatarem problemas de sono. Referente ao comportamento sedentário total, idosos que permaneceram entre 3-6 horas e mais do que 6 horas/dia apresentaram 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,04; 1,22) e 11% (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,01; 1,23) maiores probabilidades de problemas de sono, respectivamente. Os idosos amostrados que relataram permanecer por períodos superiores a 6 horas por dia em comportamento sedentário assistindo à televisão e > 3 horas em comportamento sedentário total tiveram maiores chances de terem problemas no sono. Estes achados podem contribuir nas orientações sobre a necessidade de redução no comportamento sedentário em idosos.

Alterations in sleep are common in older persons, and some risk factors may aggravate this condition. Understanding the association between sedentary behavior and history of sleep problems can assist the elaboration of intervention programs. The study aimed to verify the association between typologies of sedentary behavior and history of sleep problems in community-dwelling older Brazilians. A cross-sectional study was performed with data from 43,554 older persons participating in the Brazilian National Health Survey (2019). Typologies of sedentary behavior were assessed by: (1) time watching television; (2) leisure-time inactivity; and (3) total inactivity (TV + leisure-time inactivity). Sedentary behavior was categorized as < 3, 3-6, and > 6 hours/day. The outcome was history of sleep problems (difficulty falling asleep, waking up frequently at night, or sleeping more than usual) assessed by self-report in the last 15 days. Associations were verified with multivariate logistic regression. Older persons that spent more 6 hours/day watching TV had 13% higher odds (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02; 1.26) of reporting sleep problems. For total sedentary behavior, older persons that were inactive 3-6 hours and more than 6 hours/day showed 13% (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.04; 1.22) and 11% (OR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.23) higher odds of sleep problems, respectively. Older persons in the sample that reported more than 6 hours a day watching TV and > 3 hours in total sedentary behavior had higher odds of sleep problems. The findings call attention to the need to reduce sedentary behavior in the elderly.

Las alteraciones en el sueño son comunes en ancianos y algunos factores de riesgo pueden agravar esa condición. Entender la asociación del comportamiento sedentario con el historial de problemas de sueño podrá ayudar en la elaboración de programas de intervención. El objetivo fue verificar la asociación entre tipologías del comportamiento sedentario y el historial de problemas en el sueño en ancianos de comunidades con pocos recursos brasileños. Estudio transversal, con datos de 43.554 ancianos participantes en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (2019). Las tipologías del comportamiento sedentario se evaluaron por el: (1) Tiempo viendo televisión; (2) Actividades de ocio y (3) Tiempo invertido en total (televisión + ocio). El comportamiento sedentario se categorizó en < 3; 3-6 y > 6 horas/día. El resultado fue el historial de problemas de sueño (dificultad para dormirse, despertarse frecuentemente por la noche o dormir más que de costumbre), evaluados a través del autoinforme en los últimos 15 días. Las asociaciones se verificaron a través de una regresión logística multivariable. Los ancianos que permanecieron tiempo > 6 horas/día en comportamiento sedentario viendo televisión tuvieron un 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,02; 1,26) de mayores probabilidades de que informaran problemas de sueño. En lo referente al comportamiento sedentario total, los ancianos que permanecieron entre 3-6 horas y más de 6 horas/día presentaron un 13% (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,04; 1,22) y un 11% (OR = 1,11; IC95%: 1,01; 1,23) mayores probabilidades de problemas de sueño, respectivamente. Los ancianos de la muestra que informaron permanecer por períodos superiores a 6 horas al día en comportamiento sedentario viendo televisión y > 3 horas en comportamiento sedentario total tuvieron mayores probabilidades de tener problemas de sueño. Estos resultados pueden contribuir al fortalecimiento en la necesidad de reducción en el comportamiento sedentario en ancianos.